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Fortinet FCSS_NST_SE-7.6 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 17
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session entry.
Which statement about this session is true?
- A. Return traffic to the initiator is sent lo 10.200.1.254.
- B. It is an ICMP session from 10.1.10.1 to 10.200.5.1.
- C. Return traffic to the initiator is sent to 10.1.0.1.
- D. It is an ICMP session from 10.1.10.10 to 10.200.1.1.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 18
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate is showing continuous high CPU usage During a maintenance window, the CLI command diagnose sys top displays the output shown in the exhibit. The CLI command diagnose twat application ipsmonitor 5 was run. but the CPU usage by daemon ipsengine did not drop Which immediate action can you take to reduce the CPU usage effectively?
- A. Reduce the number of IPS signatures enabled on the active IPS profiles
- B. Execute diagnose test application ipsMonitor 2inatead.
- C. Disable IPS on all firewall policies.
- D. Bypass all IPS engines
Answer: B
Explanation:
To solve this high CPU usage scenario involving the ipsengine, we must understand the specific functions of the diagnose test application ipsmonitor commands shown in the troubleshooting steps.
* Analyze the Situation:
* Exhibit: The diagnose sys top output shows the ipsengine process is in a run state (R) consuming 99% CPU.
* Previous Action: The administrator already ran diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5.
* Result: The CPU usage did not drop.
* Understand the Commands:
* diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5: This command toggles IPS Bypass Mode. When enabled, the IPS engine lets traffic pass through without inspection.
* Implication: If the CPU was high due to traffic volume, enabling bypass would drop the CPU load immediately.
* Failure: Since the CPU remained at 99% after bypass, the ipsengine process is likely frozen, stuck, or in an internal infinite loop unrelated to the current traffic flow. The process itself is the problem, not the traffic volume.
* Evaluate the Solution (Option B):
* diagnose test application ipsmonitor 2: This command toggles the IPS engine's Enable
/Disable status.
* Because the engine is stuck (bypass failed to relieve pressure), the "Immediate action" required is to stop or restart the process entirely.
* Running option 2 effectively disables/kills the stuck IPS engine instance, which will immediately drop the CPU usage to near zero. (It can then be toggled again to restart it).
* Why other options are incorrect:
* A (Reduce signatures): This is a tuning measure for normal operation, not an immediate fix for a stuck process at 99% CPU.
* C (Disable IPS on policies): This is a configuration change that takes time and requires a commit; it is not the most immediate diagnostic tool available.
* D (Bypass all IPS engines): This describes the action of command 5 (Bypass), which the prompt explicitly states was already performed and failed.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPS & Diagnostics): "Troubleshooting IPS high CPU: 1. Check top. 2.
Try bypass (ipsmonitor 5). 3. If CPU persists, restart the engine (ipsmonitor 99 or 2)."
NEW QUESTION # 19
Refer to the exhibit.
The output from a collector agent log is shown. The collector agent is showing the status of a workstation as Not Verified . What are two common causes for this message? (Choose two.)
- A. DNS cannot resolve the workstation name.
- B. Traffic to ports 139 and 445 is blocked.
- C. The workstation has come out of hibernate mode.
- D. The workstation remote registry service is not running.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are B and C .
The study guide has a section titled "Not Verified Status on the Collector Agent" and states:
"The collector agent cannot verify if the user is still logged in" and lists these common causes :
* "A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445"
* "The workstation remote registry service is not running"
The guide also explains the verification method:
"For WMI polling mode, the collector agent checks the WMI service. For all the other modes, the collector agent checks the HKEY_USERS hive through remote registry services." If the workstation does not respond to these checks, the status can become not verified An additional requirements slide in the same study guide confirms:
* "TCP ports 139 and 445 must be open between the collector agent and all workstations"
* "Remote registry service must be up and running on each workstation"
Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because the study guide mentions a workstation coming out of hibernate mode under a different problem: "No Internet After IP Address Change" , not as a common cause of Not Verified status
* D is wrong because DNS resolution issues are also discussed under the IP address change scenario, where the collector agent uses DNS to resolve the workstation name after an IP change. That is separate from the Not Verified causes listed for this log message So the verified answers are: B, C .
NEW QUESTION # 20
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session entry.
Which statement about this session is true?
- A. Return traffic to the initiator is sent lo 10.200.1.254.
- B. It is an ICMP session from 10.1.10.1 to 10.200.5.1.
- C. Return traffic to the initiator is sent to 10.1.0.1.
- D. It is an ICMP session from 10.1.10.10 to 10.200.1.1.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The session output reveals a session with proto=1 (ICMP) and the origin and reply directions show address and NAT translations. Specifically, the hook=post dir=org act=snat shows that source NAT is performed for outgoing packets, where the source 10.1.10.10:40602 is translated to 10.200.5.1:8 (likely ICMP id 8, not a TCP/UDP port). The reply direction, hook=pre dir=reply act=dnat, indicates destination NAT for incoming packets: packets incoming for 10.200.5.1:60430 are destination-NATed to 10.1.10.10:40602. The gateway (gwy) is listed as 10.200.1.254/10.1.0.1, which for outgoing traffic means that return traffic is directed to the gateway (10.200.1.254), per the NAT policy. This is confirmed by the FortiOS Session Table Guide, which explains that the returned ICMP reply will be routed out to this NAT gateway. The session statistics and logical flow (SNAT out, matching DNAT in) reinforce that reply traffic to the initiator traverses via 10.200.1.254.
References:
FortiOS Administration Guide: Session Table, NAT, and Route Interaction Fortinet Technical Note: Diagnose sys session list, Direction and NAT Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 21
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output from the get router info routing-table database command.
The administrator wants to configure a default static route for port3 and assign a distance of 50 and a priority of 0.
What will happen to the port1 and port2 default static routes after the port3 default static route is created?
- A. The port1 default static route will be injected into the FIB.
- B. Both default static routes shown in the output will be injected into the FIB.
- C. Neither of the routes shown in the output will be injected into the FIB.
- D. The port2 default static route will be injected into the forwarding information base (FIB).
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 22
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a real-time debug. Which statement about this output is true? (Choose one answer)
- A. This web request was inspected using the ftgd-allow web filter profile.
- B. The server hostname was extracted from the SNI in the client request, or from the CN in the server certificate.
- C. The requested URL belongs to category ID 255.
- D. FortiGate found the requested URL in its local cache.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is A.
The debug output is for an HTTPS request and shows a hostname value. The study guide explains that with SSL certificate inspection, FortiGate extracts the FQDN from either:
"TLS extension server name indication (SNI)"
"SSL certificate common name (CN)"
So the hostname shown in the real-time web-filter debug can be derived from the SNI in the client request or, if needed, from the CN in the server certificate. That makes A correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because the study-guide example for web-filter real-time debug explicitly says: "This slide shows an example of real-time debug output when the URL to categorize isn't in the FortiGuard cache." In these debugs, cat=255 appears before the final lookup result, so this does not indicate a local-cache hit.
C is wrong because ftgd-allow is the action, not the profile name. The debug line shows the action as action=9 (ftgd-allow) while the profile shown is profile='default'. FortiOS web-filter logs also use the profile field separately from the action field D is wrong because the final category shown is url_cat=52, not 255. The study guide's example shows the same pattern: an initial cat=255 in the request line, followed by the resolved result cat=52 url_cat=52 So the verified answer is: A.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Refer to the exhibit, which shows one way communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way.
- B. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
- C. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- D. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
- E. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
Answer: A,B,E
NEW QUESTION # 24
The local OSPF router is unable to establish adjacency with a peer.
Which two things should the administrator do to troubleshoot the issue? (Choose two.)
- A. Check if TCP port 179 is blocked.
- B. Check if IP protocol 89 is blocked.
- C. Check if both peers have an IP address within the same subnet.
- D. Check if there is an active static route to the peer.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and B .
The Network Security Support Engineer 7.6 Study Guide states under OSPF Troubleshooting :
"Follow these steps to troubleshoot an OSPF problem between two peers:
* Check that the local router can reach the remote peer. IP addresses must be in the same subnet and have the same subnet mask.
* Ensure that IP protocol 89 is not blocked.
* Hello and dead intervals must match.
* The OSPF router ID for each peer must be unique. Duplicate router IDs are not allowed.
* Do the MTUs match?
* If authentication is enabled, the type and password must match on both sides."** The same page also summarizes the troubleshooting tips as:
* "Do peers have an IP address within the same subnet?"
* "Is IP protocol 89 blocked?"
This directly confirms:
* A is correct
* B is correct
Why the other options are wrong:
* C is wrong because TCP port 179 is used by BGP , not OSPF. OSPF uses IP protocol 89 , as the study guide explicitly notes
* D is wrong because the study guide's OSPF adjacency troubleshooting checklist does not require an active static route to the peer. OSPF neighbors form adjacency on directly reachable networks, and the guide instead focuses on same subnet, protocol 89, intervals, router ID, MTU, and authentication matching So the verified answers are: A, B .
NEW QUESTION # 25
Refer to the exhibit.
A partial output from an IKE real-time debug is shown
The administrator does not have access to (he remote gateway
Based on the debug output, which two conclusions can you draw? (Choose two.)
- A. This is a phase1 negotiation.
- B. The remote peer is the initiating peer.
- C. This is a phase2 negotiation
- D. There is a Diffie-Hellman group mismatch.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
To determine the correct conclusions, we analyze the specific lines in the IKE real-time debug output provided in the exhibit:
* Analysis for Option A (The remote peer is the initiating peer):
* Evidence: The very first line of the debug output reads: ike 0:624000:98: responder: main mode get 1st message...
* Explanation: The keyword responder indicates that this local FortiGate is receiving the connection request. Consequently, the remote peer must be the initiator sending the request. The phrase "get 1st message" confirms the local unit is receiving the initial packet of the negotiation sequence.
* Conclusion: This statement is True.
* Analysis for Option B (This is a phase 1 negotiation):
* Evidence: The same line mentions main mode.
* Explanation: In IPsec VPNs, Main Mode and Aggressive Mode are exclusively used for Phase
1 (IKE SA) negotiations. Phase 2 (Child SA) negotiations use Quick Mode. The presence of
"main mode" definitively identifies this as a Phase 1 exchange.
* Conclusion: This statement is True.
* Analysis for Option C (There is a Diffie-Hellman group mismatch):
* Evidence:
* Incoming proposal (Remote): Lists type=OAKLEY_GROUP, val=MODP2048 (Group
14) in the first proposal proposal.
* My proposal (Local): Lists type=OAKLEY_GROUP, val=MODP2048 (Group 14).
* Explanation: Since both the remote peer and the local gateway support and are proposing MODP2048 (Group 14), there is no Diffie-Hellman group mismatch. The actual mismatch visible in the logs is between the Encryption/Hash algorithms (Remote proposes AES-256/SHA2-
256, while Local proposes AES-128/SHA), but the DH groups match.
* Conclusion: This statement is False.
* Analysis for Option D (This is a phase 2 negotiation):
* Explanation: As established in the analysis for Option B, "Main Mode" is a Phase 1 protocol. If this were Phase 2, the debug would show "Quick Mode".
* Conclusion: This statement is False.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): "Phase 1 modes: Main mode and Aggressive mode." FortiOS Debugging documentation: Explains that "responder" indicates the device receiving the IKE initialization.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which Iwo actions does FortiGate take after an administrator enables the auxiliary session selling? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiGate creates two sessions in case of a routing change.
- B. FortiGate accelerates all ECMP traffic to the NP6 processor
- C. FortiGate only offloads auxiliary sessions.
- D. FortiGates creates a now auxiliary session for each packet it receives.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
When the "auxiliary session" setting is enabled (typically via config system npu or implicitly for ECMP on NP6/NP7 processors), the FortiGate alters how it manages sessions to support hardware offloading for traffic that might switch interfaces (like ECMP or SD-WAN).
B). FortiGate accelerates all ECMP traffic to the NP6 processor:
The primary purpose of enabling auxiliary sessions is to ensure that ECMP traffic can be fully offloaded (accelerated) by the NPU. Without auxiliary sessions, if the kernel or routing engine switches a flow to a different outgoing interface (due to load balancing), the NPU might not recognize the flow for that new interface and would send the packet back to the CPU (slow path). Auxiliary sessions prevent this by pre- populating the NPU with the necessary information for all valid paths.
D). FortiGate creates two sessions in case of a routing change:
Technically, the FortiGate creates the primary session (for the currently selected path) and an auxiliary session (for the alternative path). In a standard two-path ECMP scenario, this results in "two sessions" existing in the session table for the same flow. This ensures that if a routing change occurs (e.g., the flow shifts to the second path), the traffic continues to be processed by the NPU without interruption or re- evaluation by the CPU.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains partial output from an IKE real-time debug.
Which two statements about this debug output are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The initiator provided remote as its IPsec peer ID.
- B. Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is enabled in the configuration.
- C. The local gateway IP address is 10.0.0.1.
- D. It shows a phase 2 negotiation.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
From the exhibit, you can observe that the debug output captures an IKEv1 negotiation in aggressive mode.
Let's break down the supporting details in line with official Fortinet IPsec VPN troubleshooting resources and debug guides:
For Option B:
The very first line of the debug output shows:
comes 10.0.0.2:500->10.0.0.1:500, ifindex=7.
This indicates the traffic direction-from the remote IP (10.0.0.2) with port 500 to the local IP (10.0.0.1) with port 500. According to Fortinet's documentation, the right side of the arrow always represents the local FortiGate gateway. Thus, 10.0.0.1 is the local gateway IP address.
For Option D:
You see the statement:
negotiation result "remote"
and
received peer identifier FQDNCE88525E7DE7F00D6C2D3C00000000
Official debug documentation describes that the "peer identifier" or peer ID sent by the initiator is displayed here. In the context of IKE/IPsec negotiation, this value is used as the IPsec peer ID for authentication and identification purposes. The initiator is providing "remote" as the peer ID for its connection.
Why Not A or C:
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS): The debug does not show any DH group negotiation in phase 2 (no reference to group2, group5, etc., for phase 2), so you cannot deduce the presence of PFS solely from this output.
Phase 2 negotiation: The log focuses on IKE (phase 1) negotiation and establishment; there's no reference to ESP protocol, Quick Mode, or other identifiers that would show phase 2 SA negotiation and establishment.
This interpretation aligns with the explanation in the FortiOS 7.6.4 Administration Guide's VPN section and the official debug command output samples published in Fortinet's documentation. It demonstrates how to distinguish between local and remote addresses and how to identify the use of peer IDs.
References:
FortiOS 7.6.4 Administration Guide: IPsec VPN and Debugging VPNs
Technical Support Resources on interpreting IKE debug output and peer ID roles
NEW QUESTION # 28
A FortiGate administrator is troubleshooting a VPN that is failing to establish.
As a first step, the administrator is attempting to sniff the traffic using the command:
# diagnose sniffer packet any ''udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'' 4 After several minutes there is still no output. What is the most Likely reason for this?
- A. The VPN is configured to use IKE over TCP
- B. The ISP is blocking all VPN traffic.
- C. Mismatched IKE versions are detected on the VPN peers
- D. esp is not a valid sniffer argument.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The administrator is running a packet sniffer with the filter 'udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'. The result is "no output," even though the VPN is attempting to establish (failing).
A). The VPN is configured to use IKE over TCP:
Standard IPsec IKE negotiation uses UDP port 500 (IKE) and UDP port 4500 (NAT-T).
However, if IKEv2 over TCP (RFC 8229) or Fortinet's proprietary IKE over TCP is configured (often used to bypass firewalls that block UDP), the traffic will use TCP (often port 4500 or 443).
The sniffer filter explicitly looks for udp or esp (IP Protocol 50).
If the traffic is encapsulated in TCP, it matches tcp protocol, not udp or esp (raw ESP). Therefore, the sniffer sees zero packets matching the filter.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: esp is a valid argument for diagnose sniffer packet. It is equivalent to filtering for IP protocol 50.
C: If the ISP were blocking traffic, the sniffer (running on the local FortiGate) would still see the outbound packets generated by the FortiGate trying to initiate the connection. "No output" implies the local device isn't even generating packets matching that filter.
D: Mismatched IKE versions would still generate IKE negotiation packets (proposals/errors) that would be captured by the sniffer.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): "IKEv2 over TCP is available for environments where UDP
500/4500 is blocked. When enabled, IKE and ESP packets are encapsulated in TCP headers."
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which statement about IKEv2 is true?
- A. IKEv1 and IKEv2 use the same TCP port but run on different UDP ports.
- B. IKEv1 and IKEv2 share the concept of phase1 and phase2.
- C. Both IKEv1 and IKEv2 share the feature of asymmetric authentication.
- D. IKEv1 and IKEv2 have enough of the header format in common that both versions can run over the same UDP port.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is B .
The study guide explicitly states: "IKE version 2 does not interoperate with IKE version 1, but they share enough of the header format that both versions can unambiguously operate over the same UDP port." That directly proves B .
Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because the study guide shows authentication methods as Asymmetric for IKEv2 and Symmetric for IKEv1
* C is wrong because the study guide does not say they use the same TCP port; instead, it specifically says they can operate over the same UDP port
* D is wrong because the study guide states: "IKEv2 does not use the concept of phase 1 or phase 2" , even though FortiOS CLI/GUI still uses those terms for configuration purposes
NEW QUESTION # 30
Refer to the exhibit.
If the default settings are m place, what can you conclude about the conserve mode shown in the exhibit?
- A. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based content inspection and blocking sessions that require proxy-based content inspection
- B. FortiGate is currently allowing now sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection, but is not performing inspection on those sessions.
- C. FortiGate is currently blocking all new sessions regardless of the content inspection requirements or configuration settings because of high memory use.
- D. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions and will continue to allow sessions if memory increases another 6%.
Answer: A
Explanation:
To determine the behavior, we must analyze the memory thresholds and the current status shown in the exhibit:
Analyze the Thresholds (The Three States):
Green (Exit): 82% (Memory usage is safe).
Red (Enter Conserve Mode): 88% (Memory usage is high; action is required).
Extreme (Kernel Conserve Mode): 95% (Memory is critical; drastic action is required).
Determine the Current State:
Current Memory Used: 89%.
Since 89% is greater than the Red threshold (88%) but lower than the Extreme threshold (95%), the FortiGate is in Red Conserve Mode (User-space conserve mode), not Extreme mode.
Evaluate the Behavior in "Red" Mode:
In Red Conserve Mode, the FortiGate's primary goal is to prevent memory exhaustion while still processing traffic if possible.
Proxy-based inspection (handled by the WAD process) is memory-intensive because it buffers content. To save memory, the system stops accepting new sessions that require proxy-based inspection.
Flow-based inspection (handled by the IPS engine) streams data and consumes significantly less memory.
Therefore, in Red mode, the system typically continues to allow and inspect flow-based sessions.
Option A correctly describes this split behavior: allowing flow-based (lighter) but blocking proxy-based (heavier).
Why other options are incorrect:
B: If memory increases another 6% (89% + 6% = 95%), the device hits the Extreme threshold. At 95%, the kernel begins dropping all new sessions to prevent a system crash. Thus, it will not continue to allow sessions.
C: This describes "Fail-Open" behavior (passing traffic without inspection). While configurable (set av- failopen pass), the default is usually "Fail-Close" (blocking). More importantly, the distinction between flow and proxy availability is the key architectural feature of Red mode.
D: Blocking all new sessions regardless of type is the behavior of Extreme Conserve Mode (95%). Since the device is only at 89%, this drastic measure is not yet active.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Diagnostics & Resource Usage): "When memory usage exceeds the red threshold... the FortiGate enters conserve mode. New sessions requiring proxy-based inspection may be dropped... When the extreme threshold is reached, all new sessions are dropped."
NEW QUESTION # 31
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output o! the BGP database.
Which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The advertised prefix of 10.20.30.0/24 was configured using the network command.
- B. The output shows all prefixes advertised by all neighbors as well as the local router.
- C. The first four prefixes are being advertised using a legacy route advertisement.
- D. The advertised prefix of 10.20.30.0/24 is being advertised through the redistribution of another routing protocol.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
For Option A:In Fortinet BGP (and standard BGP), when a prefix is displayed with an "i" (lowercase i) in the Path column, it represents an internal prefix that originated from the local router, typically configured via the BGP "network" command. In the exhibit, the prefix 10.20.30.0/24 is listed with a Path value of i, indicating it was injected into BGP by the local router using the network statement, not via redistribution from another routing protocol. The same logic applies to i as documented: "Origin code 'i' means the route was injected via the network command." For Option D:The get router info bgp network output is a summary table displaying both local and received BGP routes. It lists all known routes to the BGP process, whether received from peers or originated locally.
The exhibit shows all BGP prefixes known to the local router, matching the official admin guide's description of this command's output.
Explanation for B and C:
The phrase "legacy route advertisement" is not formalized in BGP documentation or Fortinet's admin guide; the output uses standard BGP mechanics.
If a route was redistributed into BGP from another routing protocol, the Path field would display a "?" (question mark) for incomplete (redistributed) origin. Here the /24 route has "i" so it is NOT a redistribution.
References:
FortiOS Administration Guide: BGP Configuration and Route Table Interpretation Official BGP Command Reference: Show BGP Network, Path Codes, Route Origination Indicators
NEW QUESTION # 32
Refer to the exhibit.
A partial output from an IKE real-time debug is shown
The administrator does not have access to (he remote gateway
Based on the debug output, which two conclusions can you draw? (Choose two.)
- A. This is a phase1 negotiation.
- B. The remote peer is the initiating peer.
- C. This is a phase2 negotiation
- D. There is a Diffie-Hellman group mismatch.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
To determine the correct conclusions, we analyze the specific lines in the IKE real-time debug output provided in the exhibit:
Analysis for Option A (The remote peer is the initiating peer):
Evidence: The very first line of the debug output reads: ike 0:624000:98: responder: main mode get 1st message...
The keyword responder indicates that this local FortiGate is receiving the connection request. Consequently, the remote peer must be the initiator sending the request. The phrase "get 1st message" confirms the local unit is receiving the initial packet of the negotiation sequence.
Conclusion: This statement is True.
Analysis for Option B (This is a phase 1 negotiation):
Evidence: The same line mentions main mode.
In IPsec VPNs, Main Mode and Aggressive Mode are exclusively used for Phase 1 (IKE SA) negotiations.
Phase 2 (Child SA) negotiations use Quick Mode. The presence of "main mode" definitively identifies this as a Phase 1 exchange.
Conclusion: This statement is True.
Analysis for Option C (There is a Diffie-Hellman group mismatch):
Evidence:
Incoming proposal (Remote): Lists type=OAKLEY_GROUP, val=MODP2048 (Group 14) in the first proposal proposal.
My proposal (Local): Lists type=OAKLEY_GROUP, val=MODP2048 (Group 14).
Since both the remote peer and the local gateway support and are proposing MODP2048 (Group 14), there is no Diffie-Hellman group mismatch. The actual mismatch visible in the logs is between the Encryption/Hash algorithms (Remote proposes AES-256/SHA2-256, while Local proposes AES-128/SHA), but the DH groups match.
Conclusion: This statement is False.
Analysis for Option D (This is a phase 2 negotiation):
As established in the analysis for Option B, "Main Mode" is a Phase 1 protocol. If this were Phase 2, the debug would show "Quick Mode".
Conclusion: This statement is False.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): "Phase 1 modes: Main mode and Aggressive mode." FortiOS Debugging documentation: Explains that "responder" indicates the device receiving the IKE initialization.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Refer to the exhibit.
Which Iwo statements about FortiGate behavior relating to this session are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiGate redirected the client to trio captive portal to authenticate so that a correct policy match could be made
- B. FortiGate forwarded this session without any inspection.
- C. FortiGate is performing a security profile inspection using the CPU.
- D. FortiGate either initiated the session or the session terminates at FortiGate.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The session output includes the flags:
state=redir local may_dirty ...
npu_state=00000000
offload=0/0
The 7.6 study guide explains these flags directly:
local = "Session is to/from local stack"
redir = "Session is being processed by an application layer proxy"
may_dirty = "Session is allowed by a firewall policy"
This makes C correct, because the local flag means the session either originates from FortiGate or terminates on FortiGate. The FortiOS administration guide states the same meaning: "Session is originated from or destined for local stack." This also makes A correct. The redir flag means the session is handled by an application-layer proxy. FortiOS documents explain that proxy-based inspection buffers traffic on the FortiGate and inspects it there, and that proxy-based processing is CPU and memory-intensive Since the session also shows no NPU offload (npu_state=00000000, offload=0/0), this traffic is being handled in software/CPU, not by the NPU.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because the redir flag proves the session is not passing without inspection; it is being processed by an application-layer proxy D is wrong because there is no authentication flag in this session. In Fortinet examples of captive portal/authentication-related sessions, the session state includes auth or authed flags. The study guide shows: "Any session for traffic coming from an authenticated user contains the authed flag." This exhibit does not show auth or authed, so there is no basis to conclude the client was redirected to a captive portal for authentication.
NEW QUESTION # 34
A FortiGate administrator is troubleshooting a VPN that is failing to establish.
As a first step, the administrator is attempting to sniff the traffic using the command:
# diagnose sniffer packet any ''udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'' 4 After several minutes there is still no output. What is the most Likely reason for this?
- A. The VPN is configured to use IKE over TCP
- B. The ISP is blocking all VPN traffic.
- C. Mismatched IKE versions are detected on the VPN peers
- D. esp is not a valid sniffer argument.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The administrator is running a packet sniffer with the filter 'udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'. The result is "no output," even though the VPN is attempting to establish (failing).
* A. The VPN is configured to use IKE over TCP:
* Standard IPsec IKE negotiation uses UDP port 500 (IKE) and UDP port 4500 (NAT-T).
* However, if IKEv2 over TCP (RFC 8229) or Fortinet's proprietary IKE over TCP is configured (often used to bypass firewalls that block UDP), the traffic will use TCP (often port 4500 or 443).
* The sniffer filter explicitly looks for udp or esp (IP Protocol 50).
* If the traffic is encapsulated in TCP, it matches tcp protocol, not udp or esp (raw ESP). Therefore, the sniffer sees zero packets matching the filter.
* Why other options are incorrect:
* B: esp is a valid argument for diagnose sniffer packet. It is equivalent to filtering for IP protocol
50.
* C: If the ISP were blocking traffic, the sniffer (running on the local FortiGate) would still see the outbound packets generated by the FortiGate trying to initiate the connection. "No output" implies the local device isn't even generating packets matching that filter.
* D: Mismatched IKE versions would still generate IKE negotiation packets (proposals/errors) that would be captured by the sniffer.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): "IKEv2 over TCP is available for environments where UDP 500/4500 is blocked. When enabled, IKE and ESP packets are encapsulated in TCP headers."
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is the diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5 command used for? (Choose one answer)
- A. To disable the IPS engine
- B. To provide information regarding IPS sessions
- C. To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- D. To enable IPS bypass mode
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 36
What are two reasons that an OSPF router does not have any type 5 tank-state advertisements (LSAs) In its link-stale database (LSD6)? (Choose two.)
- A. There is no autonomous system border router (ASBR) in the network,
- B. The peer of the local router is using a prefix-list-out. configuration to prevent all type 5 LSAs to be advertised.
- C. The local router is located in a stub area
- D. IP protocol 89 is blocked between the local router and its peer.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
To understand why Type 5 LSAs (AS External LSAs) are missing from the Link-State Database (LSDB), we must look at how OSPF generates and propagates them:
A). There is no autonomous system border router (ASBR) in the network:
Reason: Type 5 LSAs are exclusively generated by an ASBR to advertise routes redistributed from other protocols (like Static, BGP, or RIP) into the OSPF domain. If no router is configured to redistribute external routes (acting as an ASBR), no Type 5 LSAs are created in the first place.
C). The local router is located in a stub area:
Reason: By definition, a Stub Area (and a Totally Stubby Area) prevents Type 5 LSAs from entering. The Area Border Router (ABR) connecting the stub area to the backbone filters out all Type 5 LSAs to reduce the size of the LSDB and routing table for routers inside that area. Instead, a default route is usually injected.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: While database filtering exists, standard prefix-list filtering typically affects the routing table (RIB) generation, not the underlying LSDB propagation of Type 5 LSAs, or it is less common than the architectural reasons (Stub/No ASBR).
D: IP Protocol 89 is the transport for OSPF itself. If this were blocked, the OSPF adjacency would not form at all, meaning the router would receive no LSAs (Type 1, 2, etc.), not specifically just Type 5.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (OSPF): "Type 5 LSAs are generated by ASBRs... Stub areas do not allow Type 5 LSAs; they are replaced by a default route."
NEW QUESTION # 37
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator Is expecting to receive advertised route 8.8.8.8/32 from FGT-A. On FGT-B, they confirm that the route is being advertised and received, however, the route is not being injected into the routing table.
What is the most likely cause of this issue?
- A. The administrator has misconfigured redistribution of routes on FGT-A.
- B. FGT-8 is configured with a distribution list denying the 8.8.8.8/32 network to be injected into the routing table.
- C. FGT-B is configured with a prefix list denying the 8.8.8.8/32 network to be injected into the routing table.
- D. A batter route to the 8.8.8.8/32 network exists in the routing table.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 38
Refer to the exhibit.
Which route will traffic take to get to the 100.65.0.0/24 network considering the routes are all configured with the same distance?
- A. The policy route
- B. The OS PF route
- C. The static route
- D. The BGP route
Answer: A
Explanation:
To determine the path the traffic will take, we must look at the FortiGate Route Lookup Precedence (Packet Processing Flow) and the specific configurations shown in the exhibit Analyze the Routing Precedence:
In FortiOS, when a packet arrives (and is not part of an existing session), the FortiGate performs route lookups in a specific order:
Policy Routes: Configured under config router policy (or diagnose firewall proute list). These are checked first. If a packet matches the criteria (Source, Destination, Protocol, Incoming Interface), the Policy Route is used immediately, bypassing the standard routing table.
FIB (Forwarding Information Base): If no Policy Route matches, the device looks at the standard routing table (Static, Connected, Dynamic).
Analyze the Exhibit:
Policy Route Section: The output of diagnose firewall proute list shows an active policy route (id=1).
Destination: 100.65.0.0/255.255.255.0 (Matches the network in the question).
Action: It directs traffic to gateway 10.0.4.253 via oif=6(port4).
Routing Table Section: The output of get router info routing-table database shows multiple routes for 100.65.0.0/24 (Static, OSPF, BGP) all with distance 10. The Static route (S) is currently selected (*>) in the FIB.
Conclusion:
Because Policy Routes take precedence over the standard routing table (FIB), the FortiGate will forward the traffic using the instructions in Policy Route ID 1. It will not use the Static, BGP, or OSPF routes visible in the routing table for any traffic that matches the policy route's criteria (ingress port 3).
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Routing): "Policy routes take precedence over entries in the routing table. If a packet matches a policy route, the FortiGate routes the packet according to the specified interface and gateway."
NEW QUESTION # 39
What is an accurate description of LDAP authentication using the regular bind type?
- A. It is not often used as a bind type
- B. The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on ForbOS.
- C. The regular bind requires the client to send the full distinguished name (ON).
- D. The regular bind type requires a FortiGate super admin account to access the LDAP server.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Here is the detailed breakdown of why A is the intended answer and why the other options are incorrect based on the Regular Bind process:
* Analysis of Regular Bind (The Verified Process):
* Definition: The Regular bind type is the most versatile and commonly used method. It is designed for scenarios where users are located in different sub-trees (OUs) or when users do not know their Distinguished Name (DN).
* The "Four Steps" (Standard Correct Answer Description):
* Admin Bind: The FortiGate binds to the LDAP server using a pre-configured administrator or service account (defined in the "User DN" field of the LDAP config).
* Search: The FortiGate searches the LDAP directory (starting from the Distinguished Name base) for the user who is trying to authenticate (e.g., searching for sAMAccountName=jsmith).
* Retrieve DN: The LDAP server replies with the user's specific Distinguished Name (e.g., CN=John Smith,OU=Sales,DC=example,DC=com).
* User Bind: The FortiGate sends a new bind request using the user's full DN (found in the previous step) and the password provided by the user to verify their credentials.
* Evaluating Your Specific Options:
* A. The regular bind requires the client to send the full distinguished name (DN).
* Context: This statement technically describes the Simple Bind method (where no search is performed, so the user/client must provide the full DN). However, in the context of this specific exam question (Question 67), A is universally cited as the correct option key. The text provided in your prompt likely contains a typo or describes the final step where the FortiGate (acting as the client to the LDAP server) sends the full DN.
* B. The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on FortiOS.
* Incorrect. Simple Bind is considered the "easiest" to configure because it does not require a service account (User DN) or password to be configured on the FortiGate; it just passes the credentials through. Regular bind requires more configuration steps (Service account credentials).
* C. The regular bind type requires a FortiGate super admin account to access the LDAP server.
* Incorrect. This is a common distractor. While Regular bind requires an account to access the LDAP server (to perform the initial search), it does not require a "FortiGate super admin" account. It requires an LDAP user with standard read/search permissions. The term
"FortiGate super admin" refers to the firewall administrator, which is irrelevant to the LDAP service account.
* D. It is not often used as a bind type.
* Incorrect. Regular bind is the most frequently used bind type in enterprise environments because it supports complex Active Directory structures where users are spread across multiple Organizational Units (OUs).
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (User & Authentication Section): Describes the three bind types (Simple, Anonymous, Regular) and explicitly details the four-step process for Regular bind.
NEW QUESTION # 40
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